Is there a pronoun or other marker that explicitly marks the inclusion of an interlocutor? This feature is not restricted to the pronominal system but includes person indexing as well. If inclusive is marked overtly in either the pronominal system or through verbal marking this is sufficient to trigger a 1 for this feature, even if exclusive has no overt morphological marking.
Southern Sierra Miwok (ISO 639-3: skd, Glottolog: sout2985)
Personal Pronominal Suffixes:
Series 1 | Series 2 | Series 3 | Series 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1DU.INCL | -ti: | -ti: | ||
1PL | -tti-/-mahhi: | -me- | ||
1PL.INCL | -ticci: | -ticci: | ||
1PL.EXCL | -mahhi: | -mahhi: |
(Broadbent 1964: 43)
Southern Sierra Miwok would be coded as 1. The lack of a first person dual exclusive form does not affect this designation, nor does the fact that the language has first person plural markers in Series 1 and 2 that do not mark clusivity.
Chalcatongo Mixtec (ISO 639-3: mig, Glottolog: sanm1295)
Pronouns
PERS | GENDER | FREE | CLITIC |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Familiar | rùɁù | =rí |
Polite | naɁa | =na | |
Inclusive (pl) | žóɁó | =žó |
(Macaulay 1996: 81)
Chalcatongo Mixtec would be coded as 1. A plural pronoun that is unmarked for clusivity can be derived from the polite or familiar first person pronouns with a prefix, but the inclusive first person is inherently plural. There is no first person plural pro-form that is marked for exclusivity. The existence of an inclusive form is sufficient to trigger a 1 and the lack of an exclusive form has no impact on this.
Yongbei Zhuang (ISO 639-3: zyb, Glottolog: yong1276)
First person
Singular | Plural (excl.) | Plural (incl.) |
---|---|---|
ku | tuo, po tu | lau’ |
(Luo 2008: 327)
Yongbei Zhuang is coded as 1.
Cysouw, Michael. 2003. The paradigmatic structure of person marking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Filimonova, Elena. 2005. Clusivity: Typology and case studies of the inclusive exclusive distinction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Broadbent, Sylvia M. 1964. The Southern Sierra Miwok language. (University of California Publications in Linguistics, 38.) Berkeley: University of California Press.
Luo, Yongxian. 2008. Zhuang. In Anthony V. N. Diller, Jerold A. Edmondson & Yongxian Luo (eds), The Tai-Kadai languages, 317–377. London: Routledge.
Macaulay, Monica A. 1996. A grammar of Chalcatongo Mixtec. (University of California Publications in Linguistics, 127.) Berkeley: University of California Press.
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0 | absent | 1114 | |
1 | present | 1243 | |
? | Not known | 94 |
Name | Glottocode | Family | Macroarea | Contributor | Value | Source | Comment |
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