Grambank -

Datapoint Agob-Ende-Kawam/Is there a distinction between inclusive and exclusive?

Language or dialect:: Agob-Ende-Kawam
Feature:: Is there a distinction between inclusive and exclusive?
Coding:: present (Lindsey 2018)
Comment:: There is an inclusive/exclusive distinction in the first person non-singular pronouns across all cases. The inclusive nominative pronoun is ibi and the exclusive nominative pronoun is ngämi. This is illustrated in Table 1, where all the pronouns are listed. Table 1. Pronouns in all cases 1sg 2sg 3sg 1nsg (incl) 1nsg (excl) 2nsg 3nsg Nominative Pronouns ngäna bongo bogo ibi ngämi bibi ubi Ablative Pronouns ngämäne bänäne obäne ibaene ngämaene binaene obaene/ (y)abaene Ablative Clitics =bäne =baene/ =(y)abaene Accusative Pronouns ngänäm bam obom ibim ngämim bibim ubim Accusative Clitics =bom =bim Dative Pronouns ngämlle bablle oblle ibira ngämira bibra ubira Comitative Pronouns ngämo peyang bäne peyang obo peyang iba peyang ngäma peyang ngäma bakmall bina peyang oba peyang oba bakmall Comitative Clitics oballe Emphatic (contrast) Pronouns ngänawa bongowa beawa Emphatic (too) Pronouns ngänade (ngäna ade) bade bongode (bongo ade) bode (bogo ade) (ibi ade) (ngämi ade) (bibi ade) (ubi ade) Possessive Pronouns ngämo bäne obo iba ngäma bina oba/ (y)aba Possessive Clitics =bo =ba/ =(y)aba Restrictive Pronouns ngänaebe bongoaebe bogoaebe ibiae ngämiae bibiae ubiae Restrictive Clitics =aebe