- Language or dialect:
- Agob-Ende-Kawam
- Feature:
- Are verbs reduplicated?
- Coding:
-
present
(Lindsey 2018)
- Comment:
- Verb stems may be reduplicated for various reasons. Most commonly, verbal roots
are reduplicated when they appear in infinitival form if they do not meet the phonotactic requirements of minimal verbal wordhood. For example, the verbal root for ‘cut’ is ko, but its infinitival form is koko. Phonotactic reduplication takes the form of full or C- reduplication.
(144) Käsre ko~ko de dängkameyo.
then cut~cut to start.rem.3plA>3sgP
Then they started to cut.
WE_PN041 69.2
(145) D-o-ko-eyo abo ge:. Gottamänän.
rem-3sgP-cut-3nsgS then voc finish.rem.3sgS
Then they cut and cut and cut. It finished.
WE_PN041 69.3
Verb stems may also reduplicate to indicate an augmentative reading. For example, the verbal root papa means ‘to hit’ and papapapa means ‘to beat’. Ngänaeka means ‘to cry’ and ngänaekangänaeka means ‘to cry a lot’. Duwem means ‘to eat’, while duwemduwem means ‘to feast’. Ikop means ‘to look’ while ikopikop means ‘to watch’. This is common but doesn’t seem to be productive.
(146) Käsre papa~papa-ung dukomän.
then hit~hit-dur carry.rem.3sgA>3plP
Then he carried them, beating them.
RE_EN006 39.1
(147) Tämamae llɨg di papa dägnegnän
all child acc hit aux.rem.3sgA>3plP
He hit all the children.
RE_EN006 40.1
(148) Emi abo ngänaeka gogon
E then cry aux.rem.3sgS
Then Emi cried
RE_EN004 14.1
(149) Ngänaeka~ngänaeka gognän.
cry~cry aux.rem.dur.3sgS
They all cried.
RE_EN006 40.1
Verb stems may also reduplicate for adverbial meanings.
(150) ine ulle da bogo ade gongällbänän a tater ingoll ngädnan~ngädnan deyarnän
water big nom 3sg.nom foc rise.up.rem.3sgS and mat like roll.pl~roll.pl go.rem.ven.3sgS
A big wave rose up and came rolling in like a mat.
RE_EN003 8.1
