F-Dependency Can tense be marked by a non-inflecting word ("auxiliary particle")? → Are there morphological cases for non-pronominal core arguments (i.e. S/A/P)? → Can tense be marked by an inflecting word ("auxiliary verb")? → Is there overt morphological marking on the verb dedicated to past tense?

Can tense be marked by a non-inflecting word ("auxiliary particle")? / Are there morphological cases for non-pronominal core arguments (i.e. S/A/P)? / Can tense be marked by an inflecting word ("auxiliary verb")? / Is there overt morphological marking on the verb dedicated to past tense? Number of languages
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Abu' Arapesh
Abun
Longchuan Achang
Acehnese
Adang
Adonara
Agusan Manobo
Hokkaido Ainu
Aja (Benin)
Kailibo Aklanon
Akuntsu
Alorese
Amara
A'ou
Apma
Araki
Araweté
Assiniboine
Au
Äiwoo
Witsuwit'en-Babine
Baikeno
Baima
Paluai
Bambam
Bantoanon
Baram Kayan
Batak Toba
Baure
Baybayanon
Bella Coola
Shidong Biao
Biao-Jiao Mien
Biao Mon
Biatah Bidayuh
Big Nambas
Bih
Bislama
Bisu
Bororo
Bouna Kulango
Bugan
Bugawac
Bughotu
Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh
Bulo Stieng
Bunama
Bura-Pabir
Busa
Buwal
Bwatoo
Caac
Camsá
Cao Miao
Cayubaba
Central Tagbanwa
Chamacoco
Chashan
Chilcotin-Nicola
Clatsop-Shoalwater Chinook
Chong of Chanthaburi
Chrau
Chuj
Chuukese
Cosao
Da'a Kaili
Dagik
Dakaka
Dampelas
Dom
Dusner
Dzao Min
East Ambae
Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
Emae
Enu
Eyak
Kulsab
Furu
Fuyug
Ga
Gaagudju
Gela
Ghanongga
Ghari
Glavda
Kinikinao
Gude
Gumawana
Hanga Hundi
Hani
Haroi
Hawaiian
Hõne
Hu
Iamalele
Ibanag
Ili'uun
Iranun
Isinai
Isnag
Iu Mien
Iwal
Jah Hut
Jambi Malay
Jehai
Kado
Kafa
Kagayanen
Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille
Kambera
Kaqchikel
Hills Karbi
Karnai
Avava
Kawi
Kayan Lahwi
Kele (Papua New Guinea)
Mateq
Kéo
Kháng
Khmu
Kilivila
Kim Mun
Koho
Kol (Cameroon)
Koluwawa
Kombai
Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak
Kuman
Kunimaipa
Kupang Malay
Kwaio
Gwama
Kwamera
Kwegu
Label
Ninde
Lachi
Lahu
Lamaholot
Lamboya
Lamogai
Laragia
Larantuka Malay
Lashi
Lau
Lavukaleve
Lelepa
Lele (Papua New Guinea)
Lemerig
Leti (Indonesia)
Lewotobi
Lijili
Naman
Lolopo
Longgu
Lote
Lotud
Lower Chehalis
Lowland Oaxaca Chontal
Luang
Luguru
Lun Bawang
Lundayeh
Ma'anyan
Ma'di
Tirax
Mak (China)
Malua Bay
Mambae
Mandarin Chinese
Mangareva
Manggarai
Mapos Buang
Maragus
Maru
Masana
Masbatenyo
Matbat
Mato
Mbula
Mekeo
Merei
Mixtepec Zapotec
Miya
Mlabri
Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Mono-Alu
Motu
Mouk-Aria
Mpade
Mpur
Mualang
Muduapa
Mün Chin
Mundari
Nakanai
Namakura
Namia
Nanggu
Nanti
Narom
Negeri Sembilan Malay
Nengone
Northern Pumi
Northern Tujia
Northern Qiandong Miao
North Moluccan Malay
Northwestern Ojibwa
Kumak
Kwomtari
Belep
Old Mon
Old Malay
Olo
Oroha
Pacoh
Pagu
Pa-Hng
Pangasinan
Papitalai
Papuan Malay
Pawaia
Pawnee
Pela
Pichis Ashéninka
Pijin
Pilagá
Pingelapese
Pnar
Pohnpeian
Popti'
Port Sandwich
Rengao
Ruching Palaung
Rukai
Rumai Palaung
Rundum
Runga
Rungus
Sa'a
Saaroa
Sabah Malay
Sabah Bisaya
Wanohe
San Miguel El Grande Mixtec
Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec
Satawalese
Seimat
Seke (Vanuatu)
Selaru
Selayar
Semai
S'gaw Karen
Shawnee
She
Sonsorol
Southern Pumi
Nahavaq
Southern Sama
Standard Malay
Sursurunga
Tahitian
Tajio
Takelma
Talise
Tambunan Dusun
Tangut
Tawallammat Tamajaq
Teanu
Tempasuk Dusun
Termanu
Ternate
Thao
Tinà Sambal
Titan
Tobelo
Tojolabal
Tombonuo
Maniq
Tsat
Tunica
Tutuba
Tuwuli
Ubir
Ughele
Unua
Urarina
Urningangg
Vurës
Waigeo
Waima
Waja
Wandamen
Warembori
Western Bru
Western Xiangxi Miao
West Damar
West Makian
Western Keres
Akateko
Western Highland Chatino
Woi
Woleaian
Wotu
Wu Chinese
Wusa Nasu
Wutunhua
Huron-Wyandot
Xishanba Lalo
Yakoma
Yatzachi Zapotec
Ulwa (Papua New Guinea)
Younuo Bunu
Yuracaré
Yurok
Zacatepec Chatino
Lahta-Zayein Karen
Zoogocho Zapotec
320
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Abkhaz
Acheron
Achi
Aghu
Agutaynen
Akoose
Amam
Ama (Papua New Guinea)
Ami
Anindilyakwa
Apatani
Arapaho
Are
Arop-Sissano
Ashéninka Perené
Atayal
Ati
Awar
Banda-Bambari
Bargam
Benga
Bimin
Bini
Talaandig-Binukid
Ongota
Gardabani Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
Bomboma
Buduma
Budza
Casiguran-Nagtipunan Agta
Central Kanuri
Central Cagayan Agta
Coastal-Naga Bikol
Central Dusun
Central Chong
Chara
Cherokee
Chimwiini
Chippewa
Chipewyan
Cholón
Cocama-Cocamilla
Coptic
Cross River Mbembe
Dhimal
Dibole
Djeebbana
Dobu
Eastern Highland Otomi
Eastern Kikongo
Eipomek
Ekari
Elip
El Molo
Fe'fe'
Filipino
Fulniô
Galibi Carib
Gants
Gapapaiwa
Gedaged
Girawa
Gogodala
Gros Ventre
Gubeeher-Gufangor-Gubelor
Guerrero Amuzgo
Gweno
Ha
Haruai
Hehe
Highland Puebla Nahuatl
Huba
Huichol
Hulaulá
Ibatan
Idu
Ilongot
Ineseño
Irish
Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl
Italian
Iyo
Madi
Jina
Kagulu
Kamano
Kamula
Kariri
Kavalan
K'iche'
Kikuyu
Kinaray-a
Koy Sanjaq Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Kuanyama
Kunbarlang
Kwini
Kxoe
Labu
Lagwan
Lala
Lambya
Leco
Lega-Shabunda
Lenakel
Lozi
Lubuagan Kalinga
Lumbu
Northern Lushootseed
Luvale
Luyi
Madak
Maguindanao
Mailu
Maisin
Mambwe-Lungu
Mangga Buang
Mapudungun
Maranao
Matukar
Mawng
Mayogo
Mba
Mbandja
Me'en
Mehek
Mele-Fila
Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
Mezontla Popoloca
Kman
Miriwung
Mlahsô
Mochica
Mokpwe
Morelos Nahuatl
Musgu
Musom
Mwera (Chimwera)
Nalca
Nati
Ndunga
Ngarinyin
North Ambrym
North Tanna
Nsenga
Limilngan
Marind
Barai
Sentani
Nimboran
Nuu-chah-nulth
Nyakyusa-Ngonde
Nyali
Nyaturu
Onondaga
Osamayi
Ottawa
Pangwa
Phom Naga
Plains Cree
Purari
Quiotepec Chinantec
Hatang Kayi
Ron
Rotokas
Sa
Saamia
Sagalla
West Malagasy Sakalava
Sangu (Tanzania)
Sarangani Manobo
Sarsi
Saya
Seneca
Severn Ojibwa
Shasta
Siksika
Sinaugoro
Situ
Sochiapam Chinantec
Southern Sotho
Southwest Tanna
Southern Haida
Southern Lengua
Suku
Surgut Khanty
Tabaru
Tausug
Tehuelche
Tetelcingo Nahuatl
Tibea
Tiene
Timugon Murut
Totela
Trió
Salka-Tsishingini
Tsogo
Tswana
Tuki
Tuscarora
Ura (Vanuatu)
Uru
Vunjo
Waiwai
Waorani
Warao
Western Subanon
Western Huasteca Nahuatl
Whitesands
Woods Cree
Wuvulu-Aua
Yaaku
Yaeyama
Yaka-Pelende-Lonzo
Northwest Sahaptin
Yale
Yao
Yareba
Yecuatla Totonac
Youle Jinuo
Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl
Beria
Záparo
Zulgo-Gemzek
223
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Achuar-Shiwiar
Adnyamathanha
Aekyom
Akkadian
Alabama
Inland-Buhi-Daraga Bikol
Amahuaca
Amarakaeri
Amdo Tibetan
Ancient Greek
Angami Naga
Arta
Athpariya
Auye
Awara
Awtuw
Badaga
Bahing
Bantawa
Baraamu
Bashkir
Belhariya
Berjozovka
Berta
Betoi-Jirara
Bhojpuri
Bilibil
Bilin
Binandere
Biri
Bodo-Mech
Bora
Bo-Ung
Bujhyal
Buol
Byangsi
Kakua
Cahuilla
Calderón Highland Quichua
Capanahua
Central Okinawan
Central Alaskan Yupik
Central Sierra Miwok
Chang Naga
Chenchu
Chepang
Chickasaw
Chimariko
Duhumbi
Chukchi
Comox
Hanis
Creek
Cubeo
Daasanach
Dadibi
Dandami Maria
Darai
Dawro
Desano
Tawra
Dimasa
Dumi
East Kewa
Eastern Newari
Eastern Geshiza
Ese Ejja
Etruscan
Forest Enets
Gagauz
Gamo
Garo
Gofa
Gugu Badhun
Guhu-Samane
Gunya
Gureng Gureng
Gurung
Halh Mongolian
Hieroglyphic Luwian
Huambisa
Huli
Hunzib
Ikema-Irabu
Imbabura Highland Quichua
Ingrian
Iron Ossetian
Urali Irula
Isirawa
Itbayat
Jaru
Kabardian
Kachama-Ganjule-Haro
Kadar
Kaike
Kalaallisut
Kalkutung
Kamas (Uralic)
Kankanaey
Karkar-Yuri
Keapara
Kenuzi-Dongola
Khaling
Kharia
Kilen
Kimaragang
Kinnauri
Kodava
Kokata
Konkan Marathi
Korean
Kosarek Yale
Koya
Kui (India)
Kuku-Yalanji
Kulung (Nepal)
Kumbainggar
Kunjen
Kusunda
Kwoma
Kyerung
Latin
Lembena
Lese
Lezgian
Limbu
Livvi
Liv
Lotha Naga
Ludian
Luiseno-Juaneño
Magahi
Malavedan
Malayalam
Manambu
Mangarrayi
Maram Naga
Mararit
Margany
Maria (India)
Maring Naga
Martuthunira
Marúbo
Matigsalug Manobo
Matsés
Maykulan
Mayo
Mele Nadu Irula
Meriam
Mikasuki
Mi'kmaq
Milang
Mangghuer
Moksha
Molale
Mono (USA)
Marori
Mountain Koiali
Muruwari
Aisi
Muthuvan
Nend
Nepali
Nez Perce
Ngaanyatjarra
Ngalkbun
Nganasan
Nhanda
Northern Karelian
Kasaba
North Junín Quechua
Kannada
Japanese
Nukna
Nyishi-Hill Miri
Nyulnyul
Ogami
Oki-No-Erabu
Oksapmin
Old English (ca. 450-1100)
Odia
Oroch
Orokaiva
Panobo
Panytyima
Pattani
Manat
Pengo
Pinai-Hagahai
Pintupi-Luritja
Pite Saami
Pitta Pitta
Pottangi Ollar Gadaba
Poyanáwa
Puma
Purik-Sham-Nubra
Rabha
Raji
Ratahan
Romblomanon
Rongpo
Rongmei Naga
Russian
Russia Buriat
Sabanê
Sangtam Naga
Ma Manda
Sauria Paharia
Savosavo
Shanenawa
Sholaga
Shoshoni
Sirva
Siuslaw
Southern Ghale
Coastal-Virac Bikol
Southern Amami-Oshima
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Aymara
Southern Selkup
Sunwar
Tama (Chad)
Tamil
Tarama-Minna
Tatana
Telugu
Thakali
Thangmi
Thulung
Thurawal
Tilung
Toda
Tonkawa
Turkmen
Tuvinian
Tver
Ubykh
Ugaritic
Umbugarla
Umbundu
Umbu-Ungu
Ume Saami
Wagaya
Wageman
Ngiyambaa
Wanman
Wappo
Waray (Philippines)
Warlpiri
Warumungu
Wayana
Wayu
Western Magar
Western Arrarnta
Wiru
Woiwurrung-Thagungwurrung
Wolaytta
Yalarnnga
Yami
Yaminahua
Yamphu
Yana
Yau (Morobe Province)
Yawanawa
Yawuru
Yaygir
Yemsa
Northern Yokuts
Yonaguni
Yonggom
Northern Yukian
Yulparija
Yuwaalaraay
Zayse-Zergulla
Zeme Naga
Zuni
276
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reload 0 / ? / 0 / ? 3
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0 / ? / 1 / ?
0
reload 0 / ? / ? / 0 2
0 / ? / ? / 1
0
0 / ? / ? / ?
0
reload 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Mungbam
Adzera
Aghem
Thavung
Akha
Ambonese Malay
Anuta
Apinayé
Aribwatsa
Arigidi
Ata Manobo
Aulua
Awad Bing
Awetí
Axi Yi
Babanki
Bafut
Bariai
Bawm Chin
Bebele
Riuk Bekati'
Bekwarra
Bit
Bola
Bube
Bullom So
Bulu (Cameroon)
Bure
Butam
Bwaidoka
Caribbean Javanese
Cemuhî
Central Nicobarese
Chakali
Chamorro
Cheke Holo
Coeur d'Alene
Cowlitz
Dagbani
Dechang
Dobel
Dumbea
Eastern Lawa
Eastern Bru
Eastern Kayah
East Futuna
Falam Chin
Farefare
Fon
Futuna-Aniwa
Ga'anda
Gayo
Geba Karen
Gebe
Gilbertese
Gola
Haitian
Hakka Chinese
East Taa
Central Lisu
Iban
Idoma
Iduna
Iraya
Jeh
Kara (Papua New Guinea)
Karajá
Kare (Central African Republic)
Kaska
Katso
Kemezung
Khasi
Kokota
Kola
Kom (Cameroon)
Kosraean
Kove
Kutenai
Kuy
Lamenu
Laven
Lengo
Lipo
Lokaa
Loniu
Lusi
Mafea
Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec
Maybrat-Karon
Majang
Colloquial Malay
Manado Malay
Maleu-Kilenge
Mandara
Mang
Mangseng
Sougb
Maori
Marshallese
Mbara (Chad)
Meta'
Middle Watut
Mid-Southern Banda
Misima-Paneati
Moba
Mocoví
Moken
Moklen
Mor (Mor Islands)
Mwotlap
Movima
Mundabli-Mufu
Mwaghavul
Navajo
Naxi
Ncane-Mungong
Ndogo
Ninglang
Nisga'a
Niuafo'ou
Niuean
Njanga
Nokuku
North Marquesan
North Slavey
Northern Lisu
Nupe-Nupe-Tako
Nusu
Nyahkur
Orowe
Paasaal
Pampanga
Pangutaran Sama
Papapana
South Wa
Patep
Patpatar
Paulohi
Prai
Pukapuka
Puluwatese
Rapanui
Mangaia-Old Rapa
Southern Cook Island Maori
Rejang Kayan
Rembong-Wangka
Rennell-Bellona
Rerep
Roviana
Samba Leko
Samoan
Sani
Saposa
Sapuan
Sedang
Semaq Beri
Sengseng
Sherbro
Shwe Palaung
Sichuan Yi
Sìcìté Sénoufo
Sikaiana
Sio
Sô
South Fali
South Nuaulu
South Slavey
Supyire Senoufo
Tagwana Senoufo
Takuu
Tanema
Movono
Tangga
Tengger
Tera
Tetun Dili
Tiefo-Nyafogo-Numudara
Tikopia
Tok Pisin
Tolomako
Tonga (Tonga Islands)
Torres Strait-Lockhart River Creole
Touo
Tsonga
Tumleo
Tuvalu
Ugong
Ulithian
Upper Chehalis
Urak Lawoi'
Urim
Lovono
Vera'a
Vietnamese
East Uvean
Wari'
War-Jaintia
Western Lawa
Western Karaboro
West Coast Bajau
Western Apache
Wolio
Xârâcùù
Yapese
Yeri
Yinchia
Yuchi
207
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1 / 1 / 0 / ?
0
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1 / 1 / 1 / ?
0
reload 1 / 1 / ? / 0 2
reload 1 / 1 / ? / 1 1
reload 1 / 1 / ? / ? 2
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reload 1 / ? / 0 / 1 2
1 / ? / 0 / ?
0
reload 1 / ? / 1 / 0 2
1 / ? / 1 / 1
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1 / ? / 1 / ?
0
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reload 1 / ? / ? / 1 2
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reload ? / 0 / ? / 0 26
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